Cretoxyrhina mantelli, gigantic warm-blooded shark!

Cretoxyrhina mantelli, gigantic warm-blooded shark!

Cretoxyrhina mantelli 
Pronounced “Cree-tox-ee-rine-uh  Man-tell-eye”
Means “Mantell’s Cretaceous sharp-nose” 
Named for the initial belief it had a large, sharp nose, in reality, the nose was blunt
Late Cretaceous (108-70 million years ago)
Worldwide, Kansas

Cretoxyrhina (Agassiz, 1835) was a huge shark reaching up to 26’ long and nearly 4 tons, making it larger than today's Great White Shark!  Its teeth were built for “slicing and dicing,” stabbing with its front teeth and slicing off flesh with its side teeth.  The largest tooth thus far discovered was nearly 2 ½” long.  Its mouth could protrude like many sharks today, allowing it to take massive, deep bites.  It ate Xiphactinus, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, sharks, fish, and turtles and scavenged dinosaurs that washed out to sea.

Sharks, made of cartilage, rarely fossilize other than their teeth, as cartilage dissolves quickly upon death.  Cartilage can fossilize if the water conditions are right, essentially calcifying.  Such finds are extremely rare. However, in the Western Interior Seaway of Kansas, just such conditions have occurred occasionally, allowing paleontologists to find "body fossils" of Cretoxyrhina, basically, outlines of the body plus the cartilage itself had turned hard like bone.  Such fossils are treasures of information and, in the case of Cretoxyrhina, showed paleontologists the snout wasn't sharp, as was originally believed, but was broad and blunt.  Such a blunt snout would have allowed the speedy predator to ram prey like some sharks do today, thereby stunning it before going in for a huge bite.  These fossils also revealed large eyes that gave it excellent vision.  

The preserved body outlines allowed paleontologists to determine how fast Cretoxyrhina swam as certain angles of the tale indicate speed.  It was one of the fastest sharks to ever live, with a cruising speed of over 7 mph and bursts of over 43mph!  Today’s fastest shark, the shortfin mako, has a top speed of 43mph, the Great White?  A paltry 35mph.  

It is likely Cretoxyrhina gave live birth to one or two 4’ long, 36 lb babies, with the rest of its baby sharks having been consumed in the womb!  The practice of eating one's wombmates is known as oophagy and happens in sharks today.  You can find videos online of intrauterine cameras capturing this macabre spectacle.

The Cretoxyrhina tooth in the Fossil Crates Ultimate Marine Marauders crate comes from the Cretaceous of Kansas and was found near teeth of Tylosaurus and Xiphactinus.  What a truly spectacular, and dangerous, place Kansas' ocean must have been 75 million years ago!

Thank you kindly,

BC


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